Paralysis
Paralysis is the loss of muscle function and sensation in a part of the body due to damage or dysfunction of the nervous system. It can affect any part of the body, including limbs, organs, or even the entire body. Paralysis can be temporary or permanent and can range from mild weakness to complete loss of movement and sensation.
There are several types and causes of paralysis:
- Monoplegia: Paralysis affecting one limb.
- Hemiplegia: Paralysis affecting one side of the body, often caused by damage to one hemisphere of the brain.
- Paraplegia: Paralysis affecting both legs and possibly the lower trunk, typically caused by spinal cord injury or disease.
- Quadriplegia (Tetraplegia): Paralysis affecting both arms and both legs, typically caused by injury to the cervical (neck) region of the spinal cord.
- Functional paralysis: Paralysis without physical damage to the nerves or muscles, often due to psychological factors or conversion disorder.
- Bell's Palsy: Paralysis of the facial muscles on one side of the face, often caused by damage or inflammation of the facial nerve.
The causes of paralysis can vary and may include:
- Traumatic injuries, such as spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, or nerve damage due to accidents or falls.
- Medical conditions, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disease, or Guillain-Barré syndrome.
- Neurological disorders, such as spinal cord tumors, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or transverse myelitis.
- Infections, such as polio, meningitis, or encephalitis.
- Autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis or myasthenia gravis.
- Congenital conditions, such as spina bifida or cerebral palsy.
The symptoms of paralysis depend on the type, severity, and location of the injury or condition causing it. Common symptoms may include loss of sensation, muscle weakness or stiffness, inability to move the affected body part, and changes in reflexes or muscle tone.
Category:Orthopaedic
